Exchange Rate History
Decade-long history and event-by-event analysis of 40 major currency, crypto, and metal pairs.
Every entry includes a 10-year snapshot pulled live from market data, the events that drove major moves, and practical takeaways for travelers and senders.
Currency pairs 37 pairs
Major forex pairs with decade-long event analysis
AUD/NZD history
AUD/NZD is the trans-Tasman cross — combining Australia's commodity-currency with New Zealand's dairy-driven currency. Over 2016–2026, AUD/NZD traded between 1.02 (mid-2019 NZD strength) and 1.18 (early 2024 AUD strength).
AUD/USD history
AUD/USD is the world's premier "commodity currency" pair, correlated with iron ore, copper, and global growth cycles. Over 2016–2026, the pair traded between 0.55 and 0.81 — a 47% range driven by the China commodity cycle, RBA-Fed rate differentials, and global risk appetite.
EUR/AUD history
EUR/AUD is a major non-USD cross combining European reserve currency with the world's premier commodity currency. Over 2016–2026, EUR/AUD traded between 1.45 (early 2018 AUD strength) and 1.80 (October 2022 EUR-strength + AUD-weakness).
EUR/CAD history
EUR/CAD is a major non-USD cross combining a European reserve currency with the world's premier oil-export commodity currency. Over 2016–2026, EUR/CAD traded between 1.38 (early 2018 EUR weakness vs commodity-strong CAD) and 1.60 (October 2022 ECB-BoC divergence peak).
EUR/CHF history
EUR/CHF is the most-watched cross between the Eurozone and the world's strongest safe-haven currency. The pair is famous in FX history for the January 15, 2015 "SNB shock" — when the Swiss National Bank unexpectedly abandoned its 1.20 EUR/CHF floor, sending the pair from 1.20 to 0.85 in minutes and bankrupting multiple FX brokers globally.
EUR/GBP history
EUR/GBP is the cross between the UK's and Europe's currencies — a pair dominated by Brexit, ECB-BoE policy divergence, and inter-European trade flows. Over 2016–2026, EUR/GBP traded between 0.82 (early 2022 BoE hawkish lead) and 0.94 (October 2022 Truss crisis).
EUR/JPY history
EUR/JPY is the premier "risk barometer" cross — combining a risk-sensitive European currency with the leading carry-trade funding currency. Over 2016–2026, the pair traded between 109 (March 2020 risk-off panic) and 175 (July 2024 pre-carry-unwind peak).
GBP/CHF history
GBP/CHF is a major non-USD cross combining the UK's currency with the world's premier safe-haven currency. Over 2016–2026, GBP/CHF traded between 1.04 (March 2020 COVID low) and 1.30 (early 2022 peak).
GBP/USD history
GBP/USD ("Cable" in forex slang, named for the 19th-century transatlantic telegraph cable) has been one of the most politically-driven major pairs of the last decade. Brexit (2016) triggered a sudden 20% devaluation that has never fully recovered.
NZD/USD history
NZD/USD ("Kiwi" in forex slang) is the second of the major commodity-currency pairs after AUD/USD — heavily linked to global dairy prices, Chinese consumer demand, and global risk sentiment. Over 2016–2026, NZD/USD traded between 0.55 (March 2020 COVID low) and 0.74 (early 2021 peak).
USD/BRL history
USD/BRL is one of the most volatile major emerging-market pairs, swinging between 3.0 and 6.0 over the past decade. The Brazilian Real is heavily exposed to commodity cycles (Brazil exports soy, iron ore, oil, coffee), Brazilian political news, and Banco Central do Brasil rate decisions.
USD/CAD history
USD/CAD ("Loonie" in forex slang) is the world's second-most-traded commodity-currency pair after AUD/USD. Over 2016–2026, the pair traded between 1.21 and 1.46, driven primarily by WTI crude oil prices, BoC-Fed rate divergence, and US trade-policy headlines.
USD/CHF history
USD/CHF is one of the most dramatic G10 pairs of the modern era, defined by the 2015 SNB floor abandonment — the most dramatic single-day move in major-currency FX history. Over 2016–2026, USD/CHF has traded between 0.78 (2022 European energy crisis) and 1.03 (2017 dollar strength).
USD/CLP history
USD/CLP is South America's second-most-traded currency pair after USD/MXN, reflecting Chile's position as one of Latin America's most institutionally-developed economies and the world's largest copper exporter. Over 2016–2026, USD/CLP moved from 600 (early 2018 CLP strength) to 1,000+ (2024 USD peak).
USD/CNY history
USD/CNY is the most policy-managed major currency pair — the People's Bank of China sets a daily reference rate ("the fix") and allows trading within a ±2% band around it. Over 2016–2026, the pair traded between 6.3 (2018 peak yuan strength) and 7.34 (2024 weakness peak).
USD/COP history
USD/COP is the second-most-traded Latin American currency pair after USD/MXN, reflecting Colombia's position as the region's third-largest economy. Over 2016–2026, USD/COP traded between 2,700 (early 2018 COP strength) and 4,800 (2022 USD peak).
USD/CZK history
USD/CZK is the third-most-traded Central European currency pair after USD/PLN and USD/HUF. The Czech National Bank (ČNB) operates a managed-float regime — uniquely innovative compared to Central European peers, including the 2013-2017 EUR/CZK floor experiment that mirrored the Swiss SNB approach.
USD/EGP history
USD/EGP has experienced one of the most dramatic emerging-market depreciation stories of the modern era. Over 2016–2026, USD/EGP moved from 8.88 (pre-November-2016 devaluation) to 50+ (post-March-2024 devaluation) — meaning EGP lost 82% of value against USD in 8 years.
USD/EUR history
EUR/USD is the world's most-traded currency pair, accounting for roughly 23% of global forex volume. Over the last decade (2016–2026), the pair has swung between roughly 0.95 and 1.25 — a 30%+ range driven by US-versus-Eurozone interest rate cycles, energy crises, and major geopolitical events.
USD/HKD history
USD/HKD is the most boring major-currency pair on record — by design. The Hong Kong Dollar has been pegged to USD via the Linked Exchange Rate System since 1983, trading exclusively within a 7.75–7.85 band.
USD/HUF history
USD/HUF has been one of the most-volatile Central European currency pairs of the past decade — driven by Hungary's unorthodox monetary policy, EU disputes under PM Orbán, and high inflation episodes. Over 2016–2026, USD/HUF traded between 250 (early 2018 HUF strength) and 430 (October 2022 USD peak).
USD/IDR history
USD/IDR is Southeast Asia's largest emerging-market currency pair by volume, reflecting Indonesia's status as the region's largest economy. Over 2016–2026, USD/IDR traded between 13,000 (2017 strength) and 16,400 (mid-2024 weakness).
USD/INR history
USD/INR has shown one of the most consistent multi-decade trends in emerging-market FX — INR has weakened gradually but persistently against USD over 30+ years. Over 2016–2026, USD/INR moved from 67 to over 88 — a 31% INR depreciation.
USD/JPY history
USD/JPY is dominated by the US-Japan 10-year yield spread. Over 2016–2026, the pair traded between 102 (in COVID safe-haven rally) and 162 (after the BoJ's 2022–2024 yield-curve-control crisis).
USD/KRW history
USD/KRW is one of Asia's most-traded emerging-market currency pairs — heavily linked to Korean technology exports (Samsung, SK Hynix, Hyundai), semiconductor cycles, and global risk sentiment. Over 2016–2026, USD/KRW traded between 1,090 (early 2018 KRW strength) and 1,440 (October 2022 USD peak).
USD/MXN history
USD/MXN is the world's most-traded emerging-market currency pair, dominated by the US-Mexico economic relationship — over 80% of Mexican exports go to the US under USMCA. Over 2016–2026, USD/MXN traded between 16 (March 2024 "Superpeso" peak) and 25.7 (April 2020 COVID panic).
USD/NOK history
USD/NOK is uniquely tied to oil and natural gas prices — Norway is Western Europe's largest oil and gas producer. Over 2016–2026, USD/NOK traded between 7.7 (early 2018 NOK strength) and 11.6 (October 2022 USD peak).
USD/PHP history
USD/PHP is the world's premier OFW-remittance corridor pair — $38B+ in annual diaspora transfers flow from USD-earning Filipinos abroad back to PHP-denominated Philippine households. Over 2016–2026, USD/PHP traded between 46 (2017) and 59 (2024 peak), reflecting gradual peso depreciation against USD.
USD/PKR history
USD/PKR has been one of the worst-performing major Asian currency pairs of the past decade — PKR depreciation from 100 (2014) to 280+ (2025) represents nearly 65% PKR loss against USD. Pakistan has been the IMF's most-frequent borrower (23+ programs since 1958), and each crisis cycle has produced step-changes in USD/PKR.
USD/PLN history
USD/PLN is the most-traded Central European currency pair. Poland is the EU's largest non-Eurozone economy and a top-25 global economy.
USD/RUB history
USD/RUB has been the most consequential geopolitical FX story of the 2020s. The Russian Ruble experienced multiple dramatic episodes: 2014 oil crash (RUB lost 50%), 2022 invasion of Ukraine (RUB initially collapsed 50%, then paradoxically rallied to multi-year highs), and the ongoing sanctions-era partial currency-control regime.
USD/SAR history
USD/SAR is one of the world's most stable currency pairs — by design. The Saudi Riyal has been pegged to USD at 3.75 SAR per USD since June 1986, defended by SAMA (Saudi Central Bank) using massive oil-export reserves.
USD/SEK history
USD/SEK is the largest Nordic currency pair by volume, reflecting Sweden's position as the largest Nordic economy and home to globally-significant exporters (Volvo, IKEA, Ericsson, H&M, Spotify). Over 2016–2026, USD/SEK traded between 7.7 (early 2018 SEK strength) and 11.6 (October 2022 USD peak).
USD/SGD history
USD/SGD is unique among major-currency pairs — Singapore manages SGD against a trade-weighted basket of currencies (S$NEER), not against a single peg or a free float. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) adjusts the slope, midpoint, and width of the band twice a year.
USD/THB history
USD/THB ("Thai baht" in trading) has been one of Asia's most-resilient emerging-market currencies over the past decade. Over 2016–2026, USD/THB traded between 28 (early 2020 baht strength) and 37 (late 2022 USD peak).
USD/TRY history
USD/TRY is the most dramatic major-currency story of the last decade — the Turkish Lira has lost over 90% of its USD value since 2018, driven by unorthodox monetary policy, political pressure on central-bank independence, and chronic current-account deficits. The pair went from 4 (early 2018) to over 35 in 2025 — among the worst-performing G20 currencies on record.
USD/ZAR history
USD/ZAR is one of the world's most volatile major emerging-market pairs, with daily ranges often 1-2% and rare episodes of 5%+ moves. The South African Rand is a textbook commodity currency (gold, platinum, coal exports) and an EM risk-sentiment proxy.
Cryptocurrency 2 pairs
BTC, ETH price history with halving and ETF milestones
BTC/USD history
Bitcoin's 17-year history is the most dramatic asset-price story in modern finance. From sub-$1 in 2010 to $109,000+ in 2025, BTC has compounded at staggering annualized returns punctuated by multiple 70-90% drawdowns.
ETH/USD history
Ethereum's history since its 2015 launch has been one of the most consequential in crypto. ETH/USD has gone from $0.30 at ICO to over $4,800 at peak, with the 2022 "Merge" transitioning Ethereum from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake — the largest technical change to any major blockchain in history.
Precious metals 1 pair
Long-term gold and metals analysis